I’M KEEPING SCORE A Timeline of Changing Ideas About Race

By Carlos Nelson Sr., President, Cascade Media Group
For generations, many of us have accepted the idea of race without ever questioning where the concept came from, who created it, or how it evolved over time. Dr. John Henrik Clarke, one of the foremost scholars of African and African American history, challenged people to examine these questions more deeply. In discussing the work of historian J.A. Rogers, Dr. Clarke explained that while human differences are real, the meanings societies attach to those differences have changed throughout history. Rogers documented African contributions to world civilization and challenged conventional assumptions about race, while Dr. Clarke placed those findings within a broader historical context, encouraging people to think critically about identity, history, and humanity itself.

Human beings speak different languages, practice different religions, belong to different cultures, and have developed distinct physical characteristics through migration and adaptation to different environments. Yet modern science points to Africa as the birthplace of humanity, meaning that all people ultimately share a common origin. Over thousands of years, populations migrated across the globe, creating the diversity we see today. Understanding this shared beginning does not erase our differences. Instead, it provides a deeper appreciation of them and reminds us that before we were classified by race, nationality, religion, or politics, we were members of one human family.

The timeline of racial thinking reveals how ideas can evolve. In the ancient world, people primarily identified themselves by tribe, culture, language, kingdom, or religion. During the 1600s and 1700s, European thinkers increasingly developed classification systems that influenced modern racial categories. By the 1700s and 1800s, theories about race became intertwined with colonialism, political power, and pseudoscientific efforts to rank human populations. During the early twentieth century, researchers such as J.A. Rogers challenged many of those narratives by documenting African achievements and contributions to world history. Later, scholars such as Dr. John Henrik Clarke expanded these conversations by encouraging people to reexamine history, identity, and the assumptions society often takes for granted. If more people understood humanity’s shared origins, perhaps they would view people of color differently. Perhaps Africa would be recognized not merely as a continent, but as humanity’s original homeland. Perhaps we would spend less time divided by labels and more time united by understanding. The lesson is not that our differences do not matter. The lesson is that understanding where ideas come from can transform how we see ourselves and how we see one another. History teaches us that ideas are created, shared, challenged, and changed. The question for our generation is simple: what ideas about humanity will we choose to carry forward?
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